维吾尔族桑皮纸制作技艺 Mulberry-bark Paper Making Technique

维吾尔族桑皮纸制作技艺是新疆和田、吐鲁番地区独有的传统手工造纸技艺，2006年列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，项目编号Ⅷ-70，核心传承地为新疆和田地区墨玉县普恰克其镇布达村，被誉为“桑皮纸之乡”。

Uyghur Mulberry Papermaking is a traditional handmade papermaking craft unique to Hotan and Turpan, Xinjiang. It was listed in the first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2006, with project number VIII-70. Its core inheritance area is Buda Village, Puqiakeqi Town, Moyu County, Hotan, known as the "Hometown of Mulberry Paper".

该技艺以新疆本地桑树嫩枝内皮为唯一纤维原料，搭配胡杨碱天然脱胶，采用西域独有的浇纸法造纸，全程不使用化工原料，成品纸张防虫防蛀、韧性强、吸墨性好、久存不腐，千年来广泛用于文书书写、经文印刷、书画创作、物品包装，是丝绸之路上造纸术活态传承的见证。（资料来源：S1、S2）

The craft uses inner bark of local mulberry twigs as the only fiber material, with Populus euphratica alkali for natural degumming, adopting the unique pouring papermaking method of Western Regions without chemical materials. The finished paper is moth-proof, highly tough, ink-absorbent and durable, widely used for document writing, scripture printing, calligraphy and packaging for thousands of years, as a living witness of papermaking inheritance on the Silk Road.

一、文化价值

I. Cultural Values

1. 历史考古价值：它是丝绸之路造纸术传播的活态见证，完整保留了唐代西域浇纸法工艺，出土古桑皮纸文书为研究西域历史、丝路文化交流提供了重要实物证据，印证了古代中原与西域的技术文化交流。

1. Historical & Archaeological Value: As a living witness of papermaking spread on the Silk Road, it completely retains Tang Dynasty pouring papermaking craft. Unearthed ancient mulberry paper documents provide important physical evidence for Western Regions history and Silk Road cultural exchanges, proving technical and cultural communication between Central Plains and Western Regions.

2. 科学技术价值：桑皮纸制作采用天然胡杨碱脱胶、自然发酵、浇纸成型的古法工艺，不使用化工原料，纸张天然防虫、寿命长久，其工艺智慧为当代天然造纸、生态材料研究提供了传统参考。

2. Scientific & Technological Value: The craft uses natural Populus euphratica alkali for degumming, natural fermentation and pouring forming without chemical materials. The paper is naturally moth-proof and durable, providing traditional reference for modern natural papermaking and ecological material research.

3. 民族艺术价值：桑皮纸独特的纤维纹理、帘纹和自然质感，成为新疆民族书画、文创创作的独特载体，承载了维吾尔族传统审美与艺术表达。

3. Ethnic Artistic Value: The unique fiber texture, screen grain and natural texture of mulberry paper make it a special carrier for Xinjiang ethnic painting and cultural creation, bearing Uyghur traditional aesthetics and artistic expression.

4. 非遗技艺价值：整套技艺依靠师徒口传心授，无成文教材，完整保留了西域古代造纸的全套工序，是中国传统造纸技艺的重要分支。

4. Craftsmanship Value: The whole craft is passed down orally from master to apprentice without written textbooks, completely retaining the complete process of ancient Western Regions papermaking, as an important branch of Chinese traditional papermaking.

二、社会意义

II. Social Significance

1. 文化传承价值：维系和田维吾尔族传统技艺记忆与文化认同，守护千年造纸技艺活态传承，推动少数民族优秀传统文化延续。

1. Cultural Inheritance Value: It maintains Hotan Uyghur traditional craft memory and cultural identity, protects the living inheritance of thousand-year papermaking, and promotes the continuation of excellent ethnic minority culture.

2. 文旅与乡村振兴价值：以墨玉桑皮纸非遗工坊、文化产业园为载体，开发桑皮纸文创、非遗体验项目，带动当地村民就业增收，助力南疆乡村振兴。

2. Cultural Tourism & Rural Revitalization: Relying on Moyu mulberry paper intangible heritage workshops and cultural industrial parks, develop cultural creative products and intangible heritage experience projects, drive local employment and income, boost rural revitalization in southern Xinjiang.

3. 生态工艺价值：桑皮纸制作就地取材、天然无添加，生产过程零污染，符合当代生态环保理念，为传统工艺绿色发展提供借鉴。

3. Ecological Craft Value: Mulberry papermaking uses local materials, natural additives and pollution-free production process, conforming to modern ecological environmental protection concept, providing reference for green development of traditional crafts.

4. 文化交流价值：作为新疆标志性非遗项目，是对外讲述中国传统技艺、丝路文化的重要载体，促进各民族文化交流，铸牢中华民族共同体意识。（资料来源：S1、S2、S4）

4. Cultural Exchange Value: As a landmark intangible heritage project of Xinjiang, it is an important carrier for telling Chinese traditional craft and Silk Road culture to the world, promoting ethnic cultural exchanges and forging the sense of community for the Chinese nation.

维吾尔族桑皮纸制作遵循传统浇纸法工序，依次完成桑枝采集、沤料剥皮、锅煮脱胶、捶捣成泥、自然发酵、洗料打浆、搅浆过滤、浇纸入模、自然滤水、晒架干燥、揭纸磨面、分级切边、成品捆扎13道核心工序，全程纯手工操作，无机械加工，制作周期约7-10天。

Uyghur mulberry papermaking follows traditional pouring method, including 13 core processes: mulberry twig collection, retting and peeling, boiling degumming, pounding into mud, natural fermentation, washing and pulping, pulp stirring and filtering, pulp pouring, natural draining, rack drying, paper peeling, surface polishing, grading and edge cutting, bundling. The whole process is completely handmade without machinery, with production cycle of 7-10 days.

维吾尔族桑皮纸制作技艺2006年列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，目前代表性传承人有托乎提·吐尔迪、托乎提·巴克、比拉力·图尔荪巴柯等，在和田墨玉县普恰克其镇建立了桑皮纸非遗工坊、桑皮纸文化产业园、桑皮纸展示馆，形成了技艺传承、生产、展示、体验、文旅融合的完整保护体系。

Uyghur Mulberry Papermaking was listed in the first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2006. Current representative inheritors include Tohti Tuerdi, Tohti Bake, Bilali Tursunbake etc. Mulberry paper intangible heritage workshops, cultural industrial parks and exhibition halls have been established in Puqiakeqi Town, Moyu County, forming a complete protection system integrating inheritance, production, exhibition, experience and cultural tourism.

近年来通过非遗进校园、非遗体验、短视频传播、文创开发等方式，桑皮纸技艺重新回到大众视野，桑皮纸书画展、桑皮纸文创产品受到市场欢迎，带动了当地村民就业增收，古老技艺在当代实现了活态传承。但同时也面临传承人老龄化、年轻学习者减少、传统原料供应减少等问题，需要进一步加强保护与传承支持。（资料来源：S1、S6）

In recent years, through intangible heritage entering campuses, experience activities, short video communication and cultural creative development, mulberry paper craft has returned to public vision. Mulberry paper painting exhibitions and cultural products are popular in the market, driving local employment and income, realizing living inheritance of ancient craft in contemporary times. Meanwhile, it also faces problems such as aging inheritors, fewer young learners and reduced traditional raw material supply, which needs further protection and support.